Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of early childhood caries and its association with Child's Programmatic Action dental visits in a Primary Care Service. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Health Centers of the Grupo HospitalarConceição Community Health Service in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Mothers answered a questionnaire containing socioeconomic data, eating habits and oral care of their children. Caries examination was performed by two examiners calibrated using WHO criteria. Results: Eighty-one children with mean age of 58.8 (SD=4.8) months were evaluated, 58% were male. Caries prevalence was 43%, with mean dmft = 1.7 and mean dmfs = 3.09. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant association of caries with maternal schooling (PR=1.31, 95%CI=1.06-1.62, p=0.012), family income (PR=0.93, 95% CI=0.90-0.97, p<0.001), adequacy of the number of childcare visits (PR=0.68, 95%CI=0.54-0.86, p=0.001) and number of visits to the dentist (PR=1.04, 95%CI=1.01-1.06, p=0.001). Conclusion: Ensuring access to childcare and early dental consultation, while the family context is disregarded, does not seem to be enough to reduce caries. It is necessary to think of non-conventional oral health promotion strategies in Primary Health Care taking into account the territory and social determinants since changes to eating and oral hygiene habits and behaviors are still a challenge to the control of childhood caries.

Resumen Este relato de caso clínico presenta a una niña de 7 años de edad, con diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1, que fue atendida en la clínica de Odontología para Pacientes con Necesidades Especiales de la Facultad de Odontología de la UFRGS. Al examen físico se observó neurofibroma plexiforme que afectaba el párpado superior del ojo derecho, que causaba ptosis, pérdida de visión y asimetría facial. Además, manchas color café con leche y pecas en la piel. Al examen clínico bucal, se observó atresia de la arcada dentaria superior, lesiones de caries dental activas y presencia generalizada de biopelicula microbiana sobre las superfícies dentárias y sangrado gingival. Fueron realizados todos los tratamientos odontológicos necesarios para la paciente, con los cuidados pertinentes. Concluímos que es de extrema importancia que los cirujanos dentistas cuenten con conocimiento sobre la neurofibromatosis y estén preparados para formar parte de equipos transdisciplinarios en salud.

Abstract This clinical case report presents a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 and treated at the Dental Clinic for Patients with Special Needs of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. The physical examination revealed a plexiform neurofibroma involving the right upper eyelid and causing ptosis, vision loss, and facial asymmetry. It also showed café-au-lait spots and freckles on the skin. The oral clinical examination showed atresia of the upper dental arch, active dental caries lesions, generalized microbial biofilm on dental surfaces, and gingival bleeding. All the necessary dental treatments were provided with the appropriate care. Dental surgeons need to have knowledge of neurofibromatosis and be prepared to participate in transdisciplinary health teams.

Resumo Este caso clínico apresenta uma menina de 7 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de neurofibromatose tipo 1, que foi levada à clínica de Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais do Hospital de Ensino Odontológico da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRGS. Ao exame físico, observou-se que ela apresentava neurofibroma plexiforme acometendo a pálpebra superior do olho direito, provocando ptose, perda da visão e assimetria facial. Também apresentava manchas cor de café com leite e efélides na pele. Ao exame clínico da cavidade bucal, observou-se atresia maxilar, lesões de cárie ativas e presença generalizada de biofilme e sangramento gengival. Foram realizados os tratamentos odontológicos necessários para a paciente, com os devidos cuidados. Concluímos que é de extrema importância o conhecimento da NF1 por parte dos odontólogos e trabalhar com equipe transdisciplinar.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar o acesso e fatores associados à consulta odontológica em crianças de até 5 anos no município de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado em 10 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, através de questionário e exame clínico em 560 crianças. Foram avaliadas variáveis clínicas (placa visível, sangramento gengival e ceo-s), sociodemográficas, e de acesso à consulta. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para cálculo de Razões de Prevalência (RP), com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados mostraram que 68,2% das crianças nunca haviam ido ao dentista. O principal motivo relatado para a não realização de consulta odontológica foi não ter sentido necessidade (48,7%) e dificuldade de acesso ao posto de saúde (15,8%). A procura pelo dentista teve como propósito a prevenção/revisão (55,8%) e os locais mais procurados para consultas foi o consultório particular (43,9%) e o posto de saúde (39,5%). O modelo multivariado final mostrou que a idade da criança (IC95%, RP = 1,03 (1,02-1,05)), a renda familiar (RP = 1,05; (1,01-1,08)) e a mãe ter concluído o ensino médio (RP = 1,69 (1,15-2,56)) estiveram associados com a procura por consulta odontológica. Assim, torna-se fundamental reconhecer a importância do contexto familiar durante os primeiros anos de vida.

Abstract The goal was to assess the access and factors connected to dental visits in children up to age five in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 Basic Health Units through a questionnaire and clinical examination on 560 children. Clinical (visible plaque, gingival bleeding and defs), socio-demographic, and visit access variables were assessed. Poisson Regression was used to calculate the Prevalence Ratios (PR), with a 95% confidence interval. Results showed that 68.2% of children had never gone to a dentist. The main reason reported for not visiting a dentist was not feeling the need (48.7%) and difficult access to a health clinic (15.8%). The purpose of going to the dentist was for prevention/revision (55.8%), and the most sought-after places for visits were the private office (43.9%) and health clinic (39.5%). The final multivariate model showed that age of the child (95%CI, PR = 1.03 (1.02-1.05)), household income (PR = 1.05; (1.01-1.08)), and the mother having completed high school (PR = 1.69 (1.15-2.56)) were associated with seeking dental consultation. Thus, it is crucial to recognize the importance of the family setting during the first years of life.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar o acesso e fatores associados à consulta odontológica em crianças de até 5 anos no município de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado em 10 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, através de questionário e exame clínico em 560 crianças. Foram avaliadas variáveis clínicas (placa visível, sangramento gengival e ceo-s), sociodemográficas, e de acesso à consulta. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para cálculo de Razões de Prevalência (RP), com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados mostraram que 68,2% das crianças nunca haviam ido ao dentista. O principal motivo relatado para a não realização de consulta odontológica foi não ter sentido necessidade (48,7%) e dificuldade de acesso ao posto de saúde (15,8%). A procura pelo dentista teve como propósito a prevenção/revisão (55,8%) e os locais mais procurados para consultas foi o consultório particular (43,9%) e o posto de saúde (39,5%). O modelo multivariado final mostrou que a idade da criança (IC95%, RP = 1,03 (1,02-1,05)), a renda familiar (RP = 1,05; (1,01-1,08)) e a mãe ter concluído o ensino médio (RP = 1,69 (1,15-2,56)) estiveram associados com a procura por consulta odontológica. Assim, torna-se fundamental reconhecer a importância do contexto familiar durante os primeiros anos de vida.

Abstract The goal was to assess the access and factors connected to dental visits in children up to age five in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 Basic Health Units through a questionnaire and clinical examination on 560 children. Clinical (visible plaque, gingival bleeding and defs), socio-demographic, and visit access variables were assessed. Poisson Regression was used to calculate the Prevalence Ratios (PR), with a 95% confidence interval. Results showed that 68.2% of children had never gone to a dentist. The main reason reported for not visiting a dentist was not feeling the need (48.7%) and difficult access to a health clinic (15.8%). The purpose of going to the dentist was for prevention/revision (55.8%), and the most sought-after places for visits were the private office (43.9%) and health clinic (39.5%). The final multivariate model showed that age of the child (95%CI, PR = 1.03 (1.02-1.05)), household income (PR = 1.05; (1.01-1.08)), and the mother having completed high school (PR = 1.69 (1.15-2.56)) were associated with seeking dental consultation. Thus, it is crucial to recognize the importance of the family setting during the first years of life.

Resumen: Porto Alegre, capital del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, es una ciudad considerada violenta. Objetivo: Evaluar características y variantes de violencia contra niños de 0 a 12 años, notificadas en la Coordinación General de Vigilancia en Salud de Porto Alegre de 2010 al 2016. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo que analizó los datos de 6.493 casos de violencia contra niños, registrados en el SINAN y publicados en la página web de la Municipalidad de Porto Alegre. Resultados: 2015 fue el año de mayor prevalencia de violencia; 57,46% de las víctimas fueron niñas; lo tipo de violencia más frecuente fue negligencia (36,25%). La madre fue la mayor responsable de las agresiones. Conclusión: La violencia infantil es alta en Porto Alegre y para garantizar un trato adecuado de los profesionales del área de salud con niños víctimas de violencia, es necesario incluir el abordaje de estos casos en su formación académica.

Abstract Porto Alegre, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is considered a violent city. Objective: to evaluate the main characteristics and variants of violence against children aged between 0 and 12 as reported at the General Office of Health Surveillance of Porto Alegre between 2010 and 2016. Methods: descriptive exploratory study that analyzed the data of 6,493 cases of violence against children recorded by the SINAN and published on the Porto Alegre Municipality website. Results: 2015 recorded the highest prevalence of violence against children; 57.46% of the victims were female. The most frequent type of violence was negligence (36.25%). It was the mother who was mainly responsible for the aggressions. Conclusion: Child violence is high in Porto Alegre, and to ensure that health professionals treat children victims of violence appropriately, it is necessary to address these cases in their academic education.

Resumen: Las mujeres con deficiencia que sufren de violencia generalmente presentan lesiones que son fácilmente visibles para los odontólogos. Cerca del 65% de las lesiones de abuso comprometen el área de cabeza, cuello o boca. Además, la tasa anual de violencia en mujeres con deficiencia es 1,7 mayor que en aquellas sin deficiencia. Dentro de este contexto, el presente trabajo descriptivo, enfocado en un caso clínico y de abordaje cualitativo, tiene como finalidad analizar los aspectos subjetivos relacionados a los sentimientos vividos por una paciente de género femenino portadora de Síndrome de Down que fue violentada en ambiente familiar. Y pretende auxiliar a Cirujanos(as) Dentistas en el sentido de que puedan garantizar las pruebas necesarias al sistema de justicia penal, con objetivo de que los derechos de las mujeres con deficiencia sean transformados en realidad. Dichos profesionales tienen la obligación moral y legal de reconocer y denunciar sospechas de violencia.

Abstract: Violence against women with disabilities usually causes injuries that dentists can easily see. Approximately 65% of abuse injuries involve the head, neck or mouth areas. Additionally, women with disabilities experience violence at an annual rate 1.7 times higher than among those without disabilities. This work, which is descriptive, focuses on a clinical case and adopts a qualitative approach, and aims to analyze the subjective questions related to the feelings experienced by a female patient with Down syndrome that was the victim of violence within her family. Its objective is to help dental surgeons provide the criminal justice system with the necessary evidence so that the rights of women with disabilities are protected. These professionals have the legal and moral obligation to recognize and report suspected cases of violence.

Ejercer el rol de cuidador de un niño con deformaciones congénitas es una tarea difícil y representa un componente importante dentro de la familia en tanto que esa persona se hace responsable del cuidado de ese ser especial. Para que esto suceda, la conducta de los profesionales del área de la salud frente a este contexto debe ser específica y de calidad, de modo a ofrecer el soporte necesario a la familia/cuidador. Con el fin de promover una atención efectiva, los profesionales deben buscar el conocimiento del síndrome que afecta al paciente, así como su respuesta conductual y sus características mas prevalentes. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo presentar el informe de un caso clínico de un paciente bebé del sexo femenino, que requiere de cuidados exclusivos por parte de sus padres, quienes buscaron asistencia en la Universidad Federal de Río Grande do Sul, Brasil, en la disciplina Atención Odontológica al Paciente Necesidades Especiales. También se hace hincapié en el manejo y los cuidados por parte del odontólogo de aquellos pacientes con discapacidad desde el momento de su nacimiento, a fin de proporcionarles los recursos adecuados a través de orientaciones en cuanto a la higiene bucal con el fin de que se pueda instalar y mantener las condiciones de la salud oral, mejorando la calidad de vida de los pacientes con discapacidad

The exercise the role of caregiver of a child with birth defects is a difficult task and takes a significant role in the family, to the extent that this person actually wants to become responsible for the care that is why the conduct of health professionals within this context must be specific and quality, in order to provide the necessary support to the family/caregiver.To be able to give an effective care, the professionals must seek knowledge of the syndromes that affect the patients, as well as their behavioral response and their common features. The aimed of this study is to present a case report about a female baby, with disabilities whichinvolve several malformations, including a delay in the normal development and demand undivided care by her parents, who looked for professional care with prevent purpose on the subject named: Atendimento Odontológico ao Paciente com Necessidades Especiais, in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. In addition, this paper has the purpose, to call the attention to the handling and care that should be taken in relation to those with disabilities since the moment of his birth by the dentist, providing them, with appropriate means through guidance on the oral hygiene with the purpose of to install and maintain adequate oral health conditions, improving the quality of life for patients with disabilities

El presente trabajo representó un estudio de prevalencia, transversal, de observación analítica, realizado en el barrio Figueirinha, en el municipio de Xangri-Lá, localizado en el litoral norte del Estado de Río Grande do Sul, Brasil. Objetivo del mismo fue realizar un relevamiento de las condiciones de salud bucal de los habitantes adultos registrados en el programa Salud de la Familia Figueirinha, portadores de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial o ambas patologías y verificar la existencia de alguna correlación con la salud-enfermedad bucal. Material y Método. Se recogieron datos de 218 habitantes adultos, de los cuales 35 estaban registrados en el Programa Hiperdía (Estrategia Salud de la Familia Figueirinha) como portadores de las patologías sistémicas citadas anteriormente. Para la valoración del estado de salud bucal, se evaluó: presencia de placa bacteriana, sangrado gingival y el índice CPOD (dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados). Resultados: de los 218 habitantes adultos, el 11.5% eran pacientes hipertensos, el 2.3% portadores de diabetes mellitus y el 2.3% portaban ambas enfermedades. Del examen bucal resultó que el 67,9% presentaba placa bacteriana y el 58,7% sangrado gingival. Se verificó una correlación positiva entre el número de pérdidas dentarias, la hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus con un resultado estadísticamente significante (p≥0,015). Conclusiones: Es de suma importancia que las personas portadoras de enfermedades sistémicas como la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial estén integradas a un programa de promoción de salud que tenga en cuenta sus necesidades específicas para el mantenimiento de la salud bucal

This work consisted of a prevalence study, cross-sectional analytical observation, made in the neighborhood Figueirinha, in the municipality of Xangri-La, located on the northern coast of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Objective was to survey the oral health conditions of adult inhabitants registered as Figueirinha’s Family Health Program patients who have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or both diseases. Another objective was to check for any correlation between health and mouth’s diseases. Material and Methods: Data were collected from 218 adult inhabitants, of which 35 were registered in Hiperdia Program of the Figueirinha’s Family Health Program as having systemic diseases mentioned above. For the assessment of oral health status the presence of plaque, gingival bleeding and DMFT (decayed, missing and filled) were evaluated. Results: Of the 218 adult inhabitants, 11.5% were hypertensive, 2.3% had diabetes mellitus and 2.3% carried both diseases. 67.9% had plaque and 58.7% gingival bleeding. A statistically positive correlation was verified between the number of tooth loss, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, with a significant result (p ≥ 0.015). Conclusions: It is vital that people living with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension are integrated to a health promotion program that takes into account their specific needs for maintaining oral health

La primera infancia es una etapa decisiva en el desarrollo del ser humano y cuidar su salud una estrategia de impacto. Los centros preescolares permiten la aplicación de medidas educativas-preventivas. Objetivos: -evaluar el conocimiento de los educadores sobre higiene buco-dental, -comparar los datos de dosificación del dentífrico con un estudio similar de Porto Alegre (Brasil). Se trabajó con 72 educadores de 8 Centros de Atención a la Infancia y la Familia (CAIF)- Instituto Nacional del Niño y Adolescente (INAU) del Uruguay; los datos fueron recogidos a través de una encuenta. Resultados: a) 59% utilizan el dentífrico fluorado a partir de los 2 años b) 88% dosifica el dentífrico según patrón preestablecido

Early childhood is a crucial stage in human development and health care is an impact strategy. Prescholar centres allow the application of educational and preventive measures. Objetives: -to assess the knowledge of educators on oral hygiene, -to compare the data about toothpaste dosification with a similar study from Porto Alegre (Brazil). The work was donde with 72 educators from 8 Infant and Family Care Centro (CAIF)-Child and Adolescent Institute (INAU) of Uruguay. Data was collected through a structured survey. Results: a)59% begins to use fluoride toothpaste when children become two years old b) 88% dose fluoride toothpaste according to establish patterns